Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001) | Coral Sea Islands (2007) | |
Area | total:
5 sq km land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island |
total: less than 3 sq km
land: less than 3 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes numerous small islands and reefs scattered over a sea area of about 780,000 sq km, with the Willis Islets the most important |
Area - comparative | about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC | NA |
Background | These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983 it became a National Nature Reserve. Recent geological explorations have indicated promising petroleum formations. | Scattered over more than three-quarters of a million square kilometers of ocean, the Coral Sea Islands were declared a territory of Australia in 1969. They are uninhabited except for a small meteorological staff on the Willis Islets. Automated weather stations, beacons, and a lighthouse occupy many other islands and reefs. |
Climate | tropical | tropical |
Coastline | 74.1 km | 3,095 km |
Country name | conventional long form:
Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands |
conventional long form: Coral Sea Islands Territory
conventional short form: Coral Sea Islands |
Dependency status | territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories | territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of the Transport and Regional Services |
Diplomatic representation from the US | none (territory of Australia) | none (territory of Australia) |
Diplomatic representation in the US | none (territory of Australia) | none (territory of Australia) |
Disputes - international | none | none |
Economy - overview | no economic activity | no economic activity |
Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 3 m |
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location on Cato Island 6 m |
Environment - current issues | NA | no permanent fresh water resources |
Executive branch | - | administered from Canberra by the Department of the Transport and Regional Services |
Flag description | the flag of Australia is used | the flag of Australia is used |
Geographic coordinates | 12 14 S, 123 05 E | 18 00 S, 152 00 E |
Geography - note | Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983 | important nesting area for birds and turtles |
Irrigated land | 0 sq km (1993) | 0 sq km |
Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
Land use | arable land:
0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mostly grass or scrub cover) (2005) |
Legal system | the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply | the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply |
Location | Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia | Oceania, islands in the Coral Sea, northeast of Australia |
Map references | Southeast Asia | Oceania |
Maritime claims | contiguous zone:
12 NM continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 3 NM |
territorial sea: 3 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm |
Military - note | defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force | defense is the responsibility of Australia; visited regularly by the Royal Australian Navy; Australia has control over the activities of visitors |
Natural hazards | surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards | occasional tropical cyclones |
Natural resources | fish | NEGL |
Population | no indigenous inhabitants
note: there are only seasonal caretakers (July 2001 est.) |
no indigenous inhabitants
note: there is a staff of three to four at the meteorological station on Willis Island (July 2007 est.) |
Ports and harbors | none; offshore anchorage only | - |
Terrain | low with sand and coral | sand and coral reefs and islands (or cays) |
Waterways | none | - |